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Infrastructure Finance in the Developing World: Multilateral Lending Instruments for Infrastructure Financing - A report by the G-24 and the Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI). This paper is part of The Infrastructure Finance in the Developing World Working Paper Series, which is a joint research effort by GGGI and the G-24 that explores the challenges and opportunities for scaling up infrastructure finance in emerging markets and developing countries.

In light of the overwhelming needs for infrastructure finance in emerging and developing economies and the limitations facing alternative flows of financing, there is a clear role of MDBs to continue and in fact step up their activities. The Infrastructure Finance in the Developing World Working Paper Series is a joint research effort by GGGI and the G-24 that explores the challenges and opportunities for scaling up infrastructure finance in emerging markets and developing countries.

This paper assesses the challenges and trade-offs faced by the three major NDBs in emerging economies in their efforts to (1) reach the goals set by their governments, (2) obtain the resources needed to function at a meaningful scale, and (3) operate within their unique economic and political contexts.

The paper discusses general trends in involving the private sector in public projects, PPPs and asymmetric information, and policy conclusions.

This paper examines the public finance underpinnings for an enhanced focus on different types of long-term investments as well as on operations and maintenance of existing investments.

This paper discusses some of the main challenges in developing a robust and viable project pipeline to address the daunting infrastructure needs facing many countries worldwide.

This paper examines investments - in the form of equity or debt in direct investments to infrastructure. The reason for focusing on direct investment is twofold. First, the overall analysis of debt and equity capital markets for infrastructure exceeds the scope of this study and involves instruments that trade on regulated stock and bond markets. Second, the analysis of direct investments by private investors in listed infrastructure enables us to focus more on the risk analysis process that these investors typically perform when approaching an investment.

This paper expands upon existing literature by proposing a wider definition of what constitutes green infrastructure. We then develop a holistic cost model by defining and quantifying the investment categories that should be considered part of green infrastructure.

The Infrastructure Finance in the Developing World Working Paper Series is a joint research effort by the Global Green Growth Institute and the G-24 that explores the challenges and opportunities for scaling up infrastructure finance in emerging markets and developing countries.

This strategy will support and inform the planning applications that will set out the long term vision for the development of sustainable communities within Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park.

What might one expect for the future of mobility in China in 2030? Mobility is defined as the ability to travel from one location to another, regardless of mode or purpose. RAND researchers used a six-step scenario development process to develop two thought-provoking scenarios that address this question.